ABSTRACT
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a reactive mental disorder that occurs after an individual was exposed to a traumatic event,and the core of the treatment is the extinction of conditioned fear memory caused by stress.Fear memory is an incentive mechanism based on external stimuli that occupy a central position in the defense system.Traditional memory concept convinced that the original memory traces were in an unstable state when the memory was activated.This process is called memory reconsolidation.The research has proved the existence of the fear memory reconsolidation,but the specific mechanism of reconsolidation has not been clarified.The animal studies show that many brain sites and molecular mechanisms are involved in the process of fear memory reconsolidation.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of fear memory reconsolidation is conducive to the treatment of specific phobias and PTSD.This review summarized the brain structure and molecular mechanism of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation,providing a new direction for the in-depth study of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation and PTSD.
ABSTRACT
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a reactive mental disorder that occurs after an individual was exposed to a traumatic event,and the core of the treatment is the extinction of conditioned fear memory caused by stress.Fear memory is an incentive mechanism based on external stimuli that occupy a central position in the defense system.Traditional memory concept convinced that the original memory traces were in an unstable state when the memory was activated.This process is called memory reconsolidation.The research has proved the existence of the fear memory reconsolidation,but the specific mechanism of reconsolidation has not been clarified.The animal studies show that many brain sites and molecular mechanisms are involved in the process of fear memory reconsolidation.Understanding the underlying mechanisms of fear memory reconsolidation is conducive to the treatment of specific phobias and PTSD.This review summarized the brain structure and molecular mechanism of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation,providing a new direction for the in-depth study of conditioned fear memory reconsolidation and PTSD.
ABSTRACT
Cell-penetrating peptides are composed of positively-charged amino acids that can mediate molecules or nano-carriers across cell membranes. However, most of the known cell-penetrating peptides have no cell-or tissue-specificity, with affinity to almost all types of cells in internalization. The non-specificity of cell-penetrating peptides is a significant obstacle in the application to targeted delivery of imaging probes and therapeutic agents. Accordingly, many studies focused on selective switching of systemically-delivered inert cell-penetrating peptides into active forms in diseased tissues. Tsien groups introduced the concept of activatable cell-penetrating peptides in 2004. Subsequently, a growing number of similar delivery systems (molecular or nano-sized) have been documented, and the sensitive factors have included enzyme, lower pH, light and exogenous component. In this paper, we make an overview of the development of activatable delivery system in recent years.
ABSTRACT
Activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPPs) is a new-type targeted delivery system, composed of cell-penetrating peptides, environmentally-sensitive (or stimuli-responsive) linker and shielding peptides, allowing cell-penetrating peptides high membrane permeability in specific environment or to specific stimulus, reducing systemic toxicity resulting from non-specific cellular uptake. To enhance the tumor selectivity of carriers, investigators combine ACPPs and nanocarriers in researches on cancer detection and treatment by delivering molecular probes and therapeutic agents (anticancer drugs and genes), and so on. This paper makes an overview about the reported ACPPs-modified nanocarrier systems in the recent decade.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the feasibility of splenopancreatic-preserving dissection of No.10 and No.11 lymph nodes in radical resection for proximal gastric carcinoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 62 patients with proximal gastric carcinoma undergoing splenopancreatic-preserving dissection of No.10 and No.11 lymph nodes were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This splenopancreatic-preserving dissection was effective significantly. The incidences of lymphatic metastasis in No.10 and No.11 were 19.4% and 22.6% respectively, and the incidence of complications was 16.1%, significantly lower than that (40 %) of non-splenopancreatic-preserving dissection.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The splenopancreatic-preserving dissection of No.10 and No.11 lymph nodes is a safe and feasible method in radical gastrectomy for proximal gastric carcinoma. The surgical procedure is not difficult. With careful operation,the complete clearance of the lymph nodes can be obtained.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Feasibility Studies , Lymph Node Excision , Methods , Lymph Nodes , Pathology , Neoplasm Staging , Pancreas , Retrospective Studies , Spleen , Stomach Neoplasms , Pathology , General SurgeryABSTRACT
Objective To explore the changes and clinical significance of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT),fibrinogen time(FGB)and platelet(PLT)on Kawasaki disease(KD)in children with acute and convalescent 10 d,which aimed at early diagnosis,prediction and prognosis of coronary artery lesions.Methods Thirty-eight cases who were diagnosed KD were selected as KD group,30 cases age-matched acute respiratory infections in children with fever as fever group,moreover,30 cases of a class of elective surgery preoperative children admitted to surgical departments were put as control group.The plasma PT,APTT,TT,FGB,PLT of all cases and plasma APTT,FGB,PLT in recovery 10 d in children with KD disease were detected,and then the results were compared between the 3 groups;and the results of APTT,FGB,PLT in KD children with acute and convalescent 10 d to coronary artery dilatation groups or not were compared.Results 1.APTT prolonged and FGB,PLT increased in KD children with acute stage,which had a significant difference compared with other groups(Pa0.05).2.When comparing the results of APTT,FGB,PLT in KD children with acute and convalescent 10 d,the difference was significant(Pa